General shortcuts
|
Activate
current application's Menu bar
|
Alt
|
Ctrl+F2
(or Fn+Ctrl+F2
on some keyboards)
|
Meta+`
|
|
|
Alt+F
|
Ctrl+F2,
then F
|
Alt+F
|
Meta+`,
then f
|
|
|
Alt+E
|
Ctrl+F2,
then E
|
Alt+E
|
Meta+`,
then e
|
|
|
View
menu
|
Alt+V
|
Ctrl+F2,
then V
|
Alt+V
|
|
|
Undo
the last operation
|
Ctrl+Z
|
⌘
Cmd+Z
|
Ctrl+Z
|
Ctrl+x,
then u
or Ctrl+/
or Ctrl+_
or Undo
|
|
Redo
the last operation
|
Ctrl+Y
|
⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Z
|
⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Z
|
Same
as undo, when undo is exhausted, it redoes. Move the cursor after one or more
undos, and further undos will be redos.
|
|
Cut
the selected area and store it in the clipboard
|
Ctrl+X
or ⇧
Shift+Del
|
⌘
Cmd+X
|
Ctrl+X
|
Ctrl+w
|
|
Copy
the selected area into the clipboard
|
⌘
Cmd+C
|
Ctrl+C
|
Meta+w,
or Ctrl+Ins
|
|
|
Ctrl+V,
or ⇧
Shift+Ins
|
⌘
Cmd+V
|
Ctrl+V
|
Ctrl+y,
or ⇧
Shift+Ins, or
|
|
|
Paste
special
|
Ctrl+Alt+V
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+V
|
Meta+y
|
|
|
Select
everything in focused control or window
|
Ctrl+A
|
⌘
Cmd+A
|
Ctrl+A
|
Ctrl+x,
then h
|
|
Toggle
among installed keyboard languages
|
⇧ Shift+Alt
|
⌘
Cmd+Space
Configure
desired keypress in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard
Shortcuts, Select the next source in Input menu.[3]
|
Ctrl+Alt+K via KDE Keyboard Layout Switcher keybinding component for
KDE
|
Ctrl+\
|
|
Run
new application
|
⊞ Win, enter executable name or
⊞ Win+R, enter executable name |
⌘
Cmd+Space, enter application name
|
Alt+F2
|
|
|
Open
new browser window with same page as current
|
Alt+( D
then ↵
Enter )
Ctrl+N
(Explorer / Internet Explorer)
|
⌘
Cmd+N (Non-default user option in Safari)
|
||
|
Applications
menu
|
⊞ Win or
Ctrl+Esc |
Alt+F1
|
||
|
Lock
desktop
|
⊞ Win+L
|
Ctrl+Alt+L
|
||
|
Show
desktop
|
⊞ Win+D
or
⊞ Win+M (then use ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+M to bring back all windows) |
⌘
Cmd+⌥ Opt+H
|
Ctrl+Alt+D
|
|
|
Switch
active user
|
Ctrl+Alt+L (KDE)
|
|||
|
⌘
Cmd+⌥ Opt+Esc
|
Ctrl+Esc
(KDE)
|
|||
|
Rename
object
|
F2
|
↵ Enter
|
F2
|
|
|
Open
file or program
|
↵ Enter
|
⌘
Cmd+O
|
||
|
Alt+Tab ⇆
/
⇧ Shift+Alt+Tab
⇆
|
⌘
Cmd+Tab ⇆ /
⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Tab ⇆
|
Alt+Tab ⇆
/
⇧ Shift+Alt+Tab
⇆ (GNOME)
|
Ctrl+x,
then b
|
|
|
Switch
focus to the next/previous window (without dialog)
|
Alt+Esc
/
⇧ Shift+Alt+Esc
|
⌘
Cmd+` (current app) or Ctrl+F4
(all apps)
(or
Fn+Ctrl+F4
on some keyboards)
|
Alt+Esc
(GNOME) /
⇧ Shift+Alt+Esc/mini (GNOME)
|
Ctrl+x,
then o
|
|
Open
the Run dialog box
|
⊞ Win+R
|
Alt+F2
(GNOME)
|
Meta+!
|
|
|
Open
the Search dialog box
|
⊞ Win, enter executable name or
⊞ Win+F |
⌘
Cmd+Space (quick mode) or
|
Meta+x,
then find-grep, then Ret
|
|
|
Change
input orientation of "Search programs and files" field in Start
Menu
|
Ctrl+L
(left) Ctrl+R (right) Ctrl+E (center)
|
|
Place
computer into sleep/standby mode
|
Sleep (available on some keyboards, configurable in Power
Options dialog)
|
Sleep (available on some keyboards, configurable)
|
|
|
Shutdown
computer
|
(no
confirmation, shutdown is immediate)
|
Ctrl+Alt+⇧
Shift+PageDown
(KDE;
no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)
|
|
|
Restart
computer
|
(no
confirmation, restart is immediate)
|
Ctrl+Alt+⇧
Shift+PageUp
(KDE;
no confirmation, restart is immediate)
|
|
|
Place
display in sleep mode
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+Eject
|
||
|
Bring
up power/sleep dialog box
|
Alt+F4
(while on Desktop only)
|
Ctrl+Eject
|
|
⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+3
|
Print Screen
|
||
|
Copy
screenshot of entire screen to clipboard
|
Print Screen or Ctrl+Print
Screen
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+⌘ Cmd+3
|
|
|
Save
screenshot of window as file
|
⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4
then Space
|
Alt+Print Screen (GNOME)
|
|
|
Copy
screenshot of window to clipboard
|
Alt+Print Screen
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then Space
|
|
|
Copy
screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+⌘ Cmd+4
|
||
|
Save
screenshot of arbitrary area as file
|
⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4
|
|
Delete
char to the right of cursor
|
Del
|
Del or Fn+←
Backspace
|
Del
|
Del, or Ctrl+d
|
|
Delete
word to the right of cursor
|
Ctrl+Del
|
⌥
Opt+Del or
⌥ Opt+ Fn+← Backspace |
Ctrl+Del
|
Meta+d
|
|
Delete
word to the left of cursor
|
Ctrl+← Backspace
|
⌥
Opt+← Backspace
|
Ctrl+← Backspace
|
Ctrl+← Backspace,
or Meta+← Backspace
|
|
Go
to start of line
|
Home
|
⌘
Cmd+← or Ctrl+A
|
Home
|
Ctrl+a,
or Home
|
|
Go
to end of line
|
End
|
⌘
Cmd+→ or Ctrl+E
|
End
|
Ctrl+e,
or End
|
|
Go
to start of document
|
Ctrl + Home
|
⌘
Cmd+↑
|
Ctrl + Home
|
Meta+<,
or Ctrl+Home
|
|
Go
to end of document
|
Ctrl + End
|
⌘
Cmd+↓
|
Ctrl + End
|
Meta+>,
or Ctrl+End
|
|
Go
to previous word
|
Ctrl+←
|
Ctrl+←
|
Meta+b,
or Ctrl+←, or Meta+←
|
|
|
Go
to next word
|
Ctrl+→
|
⌥
Opt+→
|
Ctrl+→
|
Meta+f,
or Ctrl+→, or Meta+→
|
|
Go
to previous line
|
↑
|
↑
|
↑
|
Ctrl+p,
or ↑
|
|
Go
to next line
|
↓
|
↓
|
↓
|
Ctrl+n,
or ↓
|
|
Go
to previous line break (paragraph)
|
Ctrl+↑
|
⌥
Opt+↑
|
Ctrl+↑
(kword or GNOME)
|
Meta+'{',
or Control+↑
|
|
Go
to next line break
|
Ctrl+↓
|
⌥
Opt+↓
|
Ctrl+↓
(kword or GNOME)
|
Meta+'}',
or Control+↓
|
|
Go
to search
|
Ctrl+F
|
⌘
Cmd+F
⌘
Cmd+E (Search with current selection)
|
Ctrl+F
Ctrl+K
(GNOME; interactive search)
|
Ctrl+s
|
|
Go
to next search result
|
F3
|
⌘
Cmd+G
|
Ctrl+G
(GNOME)
|
Ctrl+s
|
|
Go
to previous search result
|
⇧ Shift+F3
|
⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+G
|
⇧ Shift+Ctrl+G (GNOME)
|
Ctrl+r
|
|
Search
and replace
|
Ctrl+H
|
⌘
Cmd+F
|
Ctrl+H
(GNOME)
|
Meta+%
|
|
Search
a regular expression
|
Ctrl+Meta+s
|
|||
|
Search
and replace a regular expression
|
Ctrl+Meta+%,
|
|
Make
selected text bold/regular
|
Ctrl+B
|
⌘
Cmd+B
|
Ctrl+B
|
|
|
Toggle
underlining of selected text
|
Ctrl+U
|
⌘
Cmd+U
|
Ctrl+U
|
|
|
Make
selected text italic/regular
|
Ctrl+I
|
⌘
Cmd+I
|
Ctrl+I
|
|
|
Change
to upper/lower case
|
⇧ Shift+F3
(Office products only?)
|
⌥
Opt+⌘ Cmd+C
|
Meta+u
for upper,
Meta+l
for lower, Meta+c for capitalized.
|
|
|
Make
selected text superscript
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift++
|
Ctrl+⌘ Cmd++
(Pages only?)
|
||
|
Make
selected text subscript
|
Ctrl++
|
Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+-
(Pages only?)
|
|
Go
to Browser
|
Alt+D
or Alt+C
according
language
|
⌘
Cmd+L
|
|
|
Go
to the previous location in history
|
Alt+←
or ← Backspace
|
⌘
Cmd+[ or ⌘ Cmd+←
|
Alt+←
|
|
Go
to the next location in history
|
Alt+→
or ⇧
Shift+← Backspace (web browser only)
|
⌘
Cmd+] or ⌘ Cmd+→
|
Alt+→
|
|
Go
up one level in the navigation hierarchy
|
Alt+↑(Vista
and 7 only) or ← Backspace(Windows
Explorer)
|
⌘
Cmd+↑
|
Alt+↑
|
|
Go
to the starting page defined by the user or application
|
Alt+Home
|
⌘
Cmd+Home
|
Ctrl+Home
(KDE) /
Alt+Home
(GNOME)
|
|
Bookmarks
menu
|
Ctrl+B
|
Alt+B
|
v
|
|
|
URL
Shortcuts (Adds www. + .com)
|
Control+↵
Enter
|
Control+↵
Enter
|
||
|
URL
Shortcuts (Adds www. + .org)
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+↵ Enter
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+↵ Enter
|
||
|
URL
Shortcuts (Adds www. + .net)
|
⇧ Shift +↵
Enter
|
⇧ Shift +↵
Enter
|
||
|
Add
bookmark for current page
|
Ctrl+D
|
⌘
Cmd+D
|
Ctrl+B
/
Ctrl+D
|
a
|
|
Add
bookmark for current link
|
Meta+a
|
|||
|
Manage
bookmarks
|
Ctrl+B
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+R /
Ctrl+B
|
||
|
Web
search
|
Ctrl+E
|
|||
|
Focus
and select address bar
|
Ctrl+L
or F6 or Alt+D
|
⌘
Cmd+L
|
Ctrl+L
or F6
|
g
|
|
Refresh
a webpage
|
F5 or Ctrl+R
|
⌘
Cmd+R
|
F5 or Ctrl+R
|
R
|
|
Open
a new window
|
Ctrl+N
|
Ctrl+N
|
||
|
Zoom
Options (zoom in +, zoom out -, zoom 100%)
|
Ctrl++
and Ctrl+- and Ctrl+0
|
⌘
Cmd++ and ⌘
Cmd+- and ⌘
Cmd+0
|
Ctrl++
and Ctrl+- and Ctrl+0
|
|
Create
a new tab
|
Ctrl+T
|
⌘
Cmd+T
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+N or Ctrl+⇧
Shift+T or Ctrl+T
|
Ctrl+c,
then Ctrl+t
|
|
Close
current tab
|
Ctrl+W
|
⌘
Cmd+W
|
Ctrl+c,
then Ctrl+w
|
|
|
Close
all tabs but the current one
|
Ctrl+c,
then Meta+w
|
|||
|
Go
to next tab
|
Ctrl+Tab ⇆
|
Ctrl+PageDown
or Ctrl+Tab ⇆ or Ctrl+.
|
Ctrl+c,
then Ctrl+n
|
|
|
Go
to previous tab
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+Tab ⇆
|
Ctrl+PageUp
or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ⇆
or Ctrl+,
|
Ctrl+c,
then Ctrl+p
|
|
|
Open
a previously closed tab
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+T
|
|
Pop
up window menu
|
Alt+Space
|
Alt+F3
|
Alt+Space
|
Ctrl+`,
then b
|
|
|
Close
the focused window
|
⌘
Cmd+W
|
Alt+F4
|
Alt+F4
|
Ctrl+x,
then k
|
|
|
Restore
the focused window to its previous size
|
Alt+F5
|
Ctrl+x,
then r,
then j,
then letter of the window state register.
|
|||
|
Move
the focused window
|
Alt+Mouse /
Alt+F3
then M
then Arrow Keys
|
Alt+Mouse /
Alt+F7
then Arrow Keys
|
|||
|
Resize
the focused window
|
Alt+F3
then S
then Arrow Keys
|
Alt+F8
then Arrow Keys
|
Ctrl+x,
then ^
vertically
|
||
|
Hide
the focused window
|
⌘
Cmd+H
|
Meta+x,
then bury-buffer RET, then Ret
|
|||
|
Minimize
the focused window
|
⌘
Cmd+M
|
Alt+F3
then N
|
Alt+F9
|
Meta+x,
then bury-buffer RET, then Ret
|
|
|
Maximize
the focused window
|
Alt+F3
then X
|
Alt+F10
|
Ctrl+x,
then 1
|
||
|
Maximize
horizontally
|
Available,
but no default
|
Available,
but no default
|
|||
|
Maximize
vertically
|
⊞ Win+⇧
Shift+↑ (Windows 7 only)
|
Available,
but no default
|
Available,
but no default
|
||
|
Minimize
all
|
⊞ Win+M
or ⊞
Win+D
|
⌘
Cmd+Alt+M
|
Available,
but no default
|
Ctrl+Alt+D
|
|
|
Minimize
all non focused windows
|
⊞ Win+Home
(Windows 7 only)
|
Available,
but no default
|
|||
|
Undo
minimize all
|
⇧ Shift+⊞
Win+M
|
Available,
but no default
|
Ctrl+Alt+D
|
||
|
Switch
fullscreen/normal size
|
F11
|
F11
|
F11
|
||
|
Show
the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar
|
Depends
on application
|
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+F
|
Ctrl+F11
|
||
|
Rollup/down
window
|
Available,
but no default
|
Alt+F12
|
|||
|
Show
all open windows
|
F9 or
|
Ctrl+x,
then Ctrl+b
|
|||
|
Show
all windows of current application
|
F10 or
|
Ctrl+x,
then Ctrl+b
|
|||
|
Show
all workspaces
|
F8 or
|
||||
|
Move
window to left/right/up/down workspace
|
⊞ Win+←/→ (Windows 7 only)
|
Ctrl+Alt+⇧
Shift+
← / →
/ ↑ / ↓
|
|||
|
Move
window to workspace n
|
Available,
but no default
|
||||
|
Switch
to next/previous workspace list
|
'Available,
but no default
|
||||
|
Go
to workspace n
|
Ctrl+n
|
Ctrl+Fn
|
|||
|
Go
to left/right/up/down workspace
|
Ctrl+←
/
Ctrl+→
/ Ctrl+↑ / Ctrl+↓ (OS X 10.5 or later)
|
Ctrl+Alt+← /
→ / ↑
/ ↓
|
|||
|
Show
/ hide desktop
|
⊞ Win+D
|
F11 or
|
Ctrl+Alt+D
|
Ctrl+Alt+D user specific, no default
|
|
|
Activate
window demanding attention
|
|||||
|
Quit
application of current window
|
Ctrl+Alt+Esc
|
q
|
|||
|
Close
dialog
|
Esc
|
Esc
|
|||
|
Open/Focus
(preview) pinned program on the taskbar
|
⊞ Win+(#)
where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows 7 Taskbar
(Windows 7 only)
|
||||
|
Open
new program window of pinned program in Quick Launch
|
⊞ Win+(#)
where "#" is the position of the program on the Quick Launch
toolbar (Windows Vista and 7)
|
||||
|
Open
new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar (if program is
already opened)
|
⊞ Win+⇧
Shift+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the
Windows 7 Taskbar (Windows 7 only)
|
||||
|
Focus
the first taskbar entry. Pressing again will cycle through them
|
⊞ Win+T
, you can ←→
back and forth. Hold ⇧
Shift to cycle backwards (Windows 7
only)
|
||||
|
Peek
at the desktop
|
⊞ Win+Space
(Windows 7 only)
|
F11 or
|
|||
|
Bring
gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgets
|
⊞ Win+G
(Windows Vista,7) or ⊞
Win+Space (Vista only, no cycling)
|
||||
|
External
display options (mirror, extend desktop, etc.)
|
⊞ Win+P
(Windows 7 only)
|
|
Moves
keyboard focus to next/previous control
|
Tab ⇆ / ⇧
Shift+Tab ⇆
|
Tab ⇆ / ⇧
Shift+Tab ⇆
|
Tab ⇆ / ⇧
Shift+Tab ⇆
|
Tab ⇆ / ⇧
Shift+Tab ⇆
Ctrl+Tab ⇆
/ ⇧
Shift+Ctrl+Tab ⇆
|
|
Pop
up tooltip for currently focused control
|
⇧ Shift+F1
|
Ctrl+F1
|
||
|
Show
context-sensitive help for currently focused window or control
|
⇧ Shift+F1
|
⌘
Cmd+?
|
⇧ Shift+F1
|
⇧ Shift+F1
|
|
Give
focus to next/previous pane
|
Ctrl+F6
/ Alt+F6
|
⌘
Cmd+`
|
F6 / ⇧
Shift+F6
|
|
|
Give
focus to splitter bar in paned window
|
F8
|
|||
|
Give
focus to window's menu bar
|
F10 or Alt
|
Ctrl+F2
(or
Fn+Ctrl+F2
on some keyboards)
|
Alt
|
F10
|
|
⇧ Shift+F10
or ≣
Menu
|
Varies
with laptop / extended keyboard type; enable Mouse keys
in Universal Access, then Function+Ctrl+5 or Ctrl+5
(numeric keypad) or Function+Ctrl+i (laptop)
|
≣ Menu
|
⇧ Shift+F10
|
|
|
Toggle
selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button
|
Space
|
Space
|
Space
|
Space
|
|
Activate
focused button, menu item etc.
|
↵ Enter
|
Space (also ↵ Enter
for menu items)
|
↵ Enter
|
↵ Enter
|
|
Select/move
to first/last item in selected widget
|
Home / End
|
Home / End
|
||
|
Scroll
selected view by one page up/left/down/right
|
⇞ / ⇟
(or
Fn+↑}+Fn+↓ on some keyboards)
|
PageUp / Ctrl+PageUp /
PageDown / Ctrl+PageDown |
||
|
Scroll
selected view to top/bottom
|
||||
|
Switch
focus to the next/previous tab within a window
|
Ctrl+Tab ⇆
|
Ctrl+Tab ⇆
/
⌘
Cmd+`
|
||
|
Switch
focus to the next/previous panel on the desktop
|
Ctrl+Alt+Tab
⇆ / ⇧
Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Tab
⇆
|
|||
|
Switch
focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog)
|
Ctrl+Alt+Esc /
⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Esc
|
|
Action
|
||||
|
Scroll
through History of typed commands
|
↑/↓
|
↑/↓
|
↑/↓
or Ctrl+P/Ctrl+N
|
ESC K/ESC J
|
|
Signal
end-of-file
|
Ctrl+Z
|
Ctrl+D
|
||
|
Abort
current command/typing
|
Ctrl+C
|
Ctrl+C
|
Ctrl+C
|
Ctrl+C
|
|
Erase
word to the left
|
Ctrl+W
|
|||
|
Erase
word to the right
|
Alt+D
|
|||
|
Erase
line to the left
|
Ctrl+Home
|
Ctrl+U
|
||
|
Erase
line to the right
|
Ctrl+End
|
Ctrl+End
|
Ctrl+K
|
|
|
Yank/paste
previously erased string
|
Ctrl+Y
|
|||
|
Move
one word to the left (backward)
|
Ctrl+←
|
Ctrl+←
|
Alt+B
|
|
|
Move
one word to the right (forward)
|
Ctrl+→
|
Ctrl+→
|
Alt+F
|
|
|
Move
to beginning of line
|
Home
|
Home
|
Ctrl+A
|
|
|
Move
to end of line
|
End
|
End
|
Ctrl+E
|
|
|
Reverse
search of history
|
F7
|
F8
|
Ctrl+R
|
|
|
Stop
execution of the current job
|
Ctrl+Z
|
|||
|
Insert
the next character typed verbatim
|
Ctrl+V
|
|||
|
Autocomplete
command/file name
|
Tab ⇆ (enabled by default in Windows XP and later)
|
Tab ⇆
|
Tab ⇆ (usually once)
|
Esc (usually twice)
|
|
Scroll
window up
|
⇧ Shift+PageUp
(may not work in some versions of Windows XP)
|
⇧ Shift+PageUp
|
||
|
Scroll
window down
|
⇧ Shift+PageDown
(may not work in some versions of Windows XP)
|
⇧ Shift+PageDown
|
In Windows, it is possible to
disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control
panel.
|
Utility
Manager
|
⊞ Win+U
|
|||
|
Use
keyboard to control cursor
|
(Left
Alt+Left Shift+Numlock
|
|||
|
Allow
user to press shortcuts one key at a time
|
(⇧
Shift 5 times)
|
|||
|
Hear
beep when -lock key pressed
|
(Numlock for 5 seconds)
|
|||
|
Stop/slow
repeating characters when key is pressed
|
(Right
Shift for 8 seconds)
|
|||
|
Inverse
(Reverse Colors) Mode
|
Left Alt+Left Shift+PrtScn
|
⌘
Cmd+⌥ Opt+Ctrl+8
|
|
Action
|
Microsoft
Windows
|
Linux
X11 |
Mac
OS X
|
|
CLI
|
Ctrl+Alt+F1 to Ctrl+Alt+F6
|
||
|
GUI
|
Usually
Ctrl+Alt+F7
or Ctrl+Alt+F8
|
||
|
GPU
enhanced GUI
|
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